Białoruska polityka historyczna (ostatnie lata XX wieku – 2018)

Belarus’s Historical Policy (Late 20th Century – 2018)

Abstract: Today’s historical policy in Belarus has its roots in the situation which took place in this sphere in Soviet times. The main theme here is the Second World War, or more precisely the war between Germany and the USSR in 1941-1945 (the Great Patriotic War). The theme of war is often used instrumentally to achieve specific political objectives. Other elements of Soviet ideology are also continued (celebration of communist holidays, reference to Soviet traditions in the activities of youth organisations). In 2014-2018, however, there was an opposite trend, most often associated with the events in Ukraine, which caused anxiety among the Belarusian management (the article also shows other possible causes). First of all, it concerns the attitude towards important historical events (proclamation of independence in 1918, Stalinist repressions) and entire periods (the era of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania). These changes can rather be considered as partial only. The toponymic policy of the Belarusian authorities (its historical component) was also analyzed. In this respect, Belarus today bears resemblance to Soviet times, although changes are taking place here as well. The transformations do not concern the names of existing streets and squares, but of the new ones. In the capital, in all new housing estates, streets are named after the activists of Belarusian history and culture of various epochs, with particular emphasis on the period to the USSR. Another element of historical policy is the erection of monuments to outstanding individuals. The dominance of the Soviet heritage with monuments to Lenin in the central squares of most cities has also been preserved, but monuments to Belarusian history activists have also been erected in recent years. The mass erection of typical monuments of the national pantheon has not yet taken place.

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