Abstract: The contest for the legacy of the Russian land between the Muscovite Russian state and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th century is described as restructuring and resematisation of terms of territorial demarcations in historical texts, diplomatic ceremonies and wars. In order to construct a “Russian land” the European, Muscovite, Polish and Lithuanian intellectuals sought to accommodate opinions on what it was and what it is. Their own opinions not only strongly diverged, but in many respects were mutually incompatible. The images of Russian land represent strategies of authoritative appropriation of East-European historical memory and its social and cultural uses.