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Institute of Central Europe/natural gas

Keyword: natural gas

IEŚ Commentaries 1729
26 October 2026
Michał Paszkowski

Europe’s Approach to Natural Gas Supplies from Russia

European countries have been reducing their purchases of Russian natural gas since Russia launched its full-scale war against Ukraine. However, the pace of this process has varied. In the first nine months of 2026, European Union member states imported approximately 11% more Russian liquefied natural gas (LNG) than in the same period of the previous year, despite the announced ban...

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IEŚ Commentaries 1697
10 September 2026
Michał Paszkowski

Low Natural Gas Storage Levels in Europe Ahead of the Winter Season

In early September 2026, the European natural gas market entered the final phase of the storage injection season with inventories significantly below the levels recorded in previous years. On 1 September, natural gas storage facilities in the European Union were at 65.4% of capacity, compared with 77.7% the previous year and 92.4% two years earlier. This means that Europe is...

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IEŚ Commentaries 1669
23 July 2026
Michał Paszkowski

The Neptun Deep Project and the Changing Architecture of the Natural Gas Market in South-Eastern Europe

Neptun Deep is one of the most important energy projects currently under development in the European part of the Black Sea. Its launch, planned for 2027, could significantly alter Romania’s position in the natural gas market. The project, implemented by OMV Petrom and Romgaz, is expected to increase domestic production, strengthen Romania’s energy security, and create new...

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IEŚ Commentaries 1620
19 May 2026
Michał Paszkowski

Reconfiguring Gas Security in Southern Europe

In recent years, the architecture of energy security in the countries of Southern Europe has undergone a significant transformation, driven by supply shocks and shifts in the international environment. A region that for decades depended heavily on energy supplies from Russia is now playing an increasingly important role as a transit and balancing area for new natural gas flows...

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IEŚ Commentaries 1598
23 April 2026
Michał Paszkowski

Rebuilding Natural Gas Storage Levels in Central Europe under Challenging Geopolitical Conditions

The replenishment of natural gas stocks in Europe during 2026 is taking place amid heightened uncertainty, driven by simultaneous disruptions to the availability of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. The low post‑winter storage fill level (around 29%) amplifies the scale of the challenge, while adverse price signals reduce the incentive for...

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IEŚ Commentaries 1544
4 March 2026
Michał Paszkowski | Marlena Gołębiowska

The U.S.–Israel–Iran Conflict and the Energy and Economic Situation of Central European Countries

The armed conflict between the United States, Israel, and Iran—encompassing both strikes on targets inside Iran and Iranian retaliatory attacks on energy infrastructure in the Persian Gulf—together with the effective suspension of maritime traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, has triggered the most severe shock to global energy markets since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in...

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IEŚ Commentaries 1513
28 January 2026
Michał Paszkowski

The Central European Natural Gas Market in 2026

The Central European natural gas market will play a crucial role in ensuring the region’s overall energy security in 2026. Following the supply shock triggered by Russia’s full‑scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, countries in the region have gradually adapted their supply models to the new geopolitical realities. A key element of this transformation has been liquefied natural...

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IEŚ Commentaries 1211
30 September 2024
Michał Paszkowski

Ukraine: limited prospects for Azerbaijan to fill the gap left by Russian natural gas

As of January 1, 2025, the five-year Russian-Ukrainian agreement from 2019 on the transit of Russian natural gas through Ukraine will expire. This will significantly impact the availability and price of natural gas in Europe during the upcoming heating season. While Azerbaijan could potentially help fill the gap left by Russian supplies, the chances of this are limited....

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IEŚ Commentaries 1207
26 September 2024
Michał Paszkowski

Intensification of natural gas cooperation between the Baltic States and Finland

For many years, the Baltic States and Finland have actively worked to strengthen energy security, focusing on the creation of a unified natural gas market, increasing trade, and—since the outbreak of the full-scale war in Ukraine—coordinating anti-crisis measures in the energy sector. One key aspect of this effort was the adoption of amendments to Latvia’s Energy Act...

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IEŚ Commentaries 1185
22 August 2024
Michał Paszkowski

Expansion of natural gas infrastructure in Southern Europe

The process of expanding energy transport capacity is currently underway in Southern Europe, with a particular focus on the natural gas market. Since the outbreak of the full-scale war in Ukraine in 2022, the primary goal has been to ensure greater diversification of natural gas sources and supply routes to Central European countries. Given the reduced availability of natural gas...

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