Recognition of Kosovo: limitations of the GDR model

Uznanie Kosowa: ograniczenia modelu NRD

Abstrakt: Rosyjska inwazja na pełną skalę na Ukrainę w 2022 r. doprowadziła do ponownej oceny systemu stosunków międzynarodowych przez różnych aktorów międzynarodowych, od Chin po Unię Europejską (UE). Dla UE ponowna ocena oznaczała m.in. zwiększenie priorytetu integracji unijnej państw Bałkanów Zachodnich. Jednym z warunków pełnej integracji UE Bałkanów Zachodnich jest normalizacja stosunków między Serbią a Kosowem.
Znaczenie takiej normalizacji przypomina znaczenie nawiązania stosunków między RFN a NRD, w szczególności Układu z 1972 r., dla bezpieczeństwa i stabilności w Europie w okresie odprężenia (model NRD). Biorąc pod uwagę pragmatyczne, ale powściągliwe podejście zastosowane w Układzie z 1972 r., nie było zaskoczeniem, że przy opracowywaniu Porozumienia w sprawie drogi do normalizacji między Kosowem a Serbią wykorzystano postanowienia Układu. Istnieje jednak wiele istotnych różnic między obiema sytuacjami, a pełne zrozumienie tych różnic jest kluczowe dla wdrożenia modelu NRD w normalizacji stosunków Serbia–Kosowo. W artykule porównano i przeanalizowano niektóre czynniki polityczne, ekonomiczne, religijne i prawne, odróżniające sytuację RFN–NRD od sytuacji Serbia–Kosowo. Tym samym zostaną określone ograniczenia modelu NRD stosowanego w normalizacji Serbia–Kosowo. Takie określenie będzie przydatne przy projektowaniu przyszłych kroków w normalizacji Serbia–Kosowo.

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