Wpływ kryzysu na gospodarkę i handel zagraniczny Rosji

Abstrakt: The crisis in the Russian economy was due to the impact of external factors resulting from changes in the international environment. It also resulted from internal factors determined by the specific characteristics of the economy. The economic crisis has caused a much stronger decline in GDP in Russia than in developed economies. It can be hypothesized that Russia’s economic growth is heavily dependent on the situation in foreign trade. This, however, depends on the size of demand and the level of prices for energy resources in foreign markets. The study aims to determine the changes that occurred in Russia’s foreign trade in the years 2008-2013. It also indicates the dependencies that existed between the value, dynamics and balance of trade and the situation of the Russian economy. The analysis carried out in the paper confirms the large dependence of economic growth on the dynamics of Russian exports. Taking into account the structure of commodity exports, dominated by energy resources, one can point to the persistence of the raw nature of the economy. The analysis of foreign trade flows of Russia leads to the conclusion that during the crisis and the first years after the crisis there were no significant changes in the geographical structure of Russia’s trade. But there are changes that have occurred in the structure of commodity trade. In the structure of exports we can observe a continued increase of a share of mineral fuels. This shows that both exports and economic situation depend to a large extent on fluctuations in prices of energy commodities. In contrast, the most serious changes in the commodity structure of imports resulted primarily from the impact of the current economic situation.