Memory politics in the Former Yugoslavia

ORCID: Vjeran Pavlaković: 0000-0003-2549-0627

Afiliacja: University of Rijeka, Croatia

ORCID: Vjeran Pavlaković: 0000-0003-2549-0627

Strony: 9-32

Wydanie: Lublin 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36874/RIESW.2020.2.1

Sposób cytowania: V. Pavlaković, Memory politics in the Former Yugoslavia,„Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej” 18(2020), z. 2, s. 9-32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.36874/RIESW.2020.2.1.

Słowa kluczowe: , , , ,

Abstrakt: This article provides an overview of some of the most prevalent topics in post-Yugoslav memory politics as well as on some of the scholars working on these issues, focusing on the commemorative practices of the Second World War and the wars of the 1990s. Thirty years after the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia’s disintegration, the discourse of post-war memory politics continues to dominate nearly all of the successor states, even though two of them have seemingly left the past behind to join the European Union. While the wars of the 1990s created an entirely new memoryscape in the region, they also radically transformed the way in which each country commemorated the Second World War. Although the article examines in-depth the collective remembrance of sites of memory, such as Jasenovac, Bleiburg, and Knin, trends across the broader region are also addressed. The work of young scholars, as well as experienced researchers, who have introduced innovative approaches in memory studies in the former Yugoslavia, is highlighted to show how new studies focus on the cultural reproduction of dominant narratives in addition to top-down political discourse.

Bibliografia:

Assman J., Czaplicka J., Collective Memory and Cultural Identity, “New German Critique” 1995, vol. 65, p. 125-133, https://doi.org/10.2307/488538.
Baker C., Sounds of the Borderland: Popular Music, War, and Nationalism in Croatia since 1991, London 2016, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315609973.
Baker C., The Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, Basingstoke 2015.
Banjeglav T., Exhibiting Memories of a Besieged City: The (Uncertain) Role of Museums in Constructing Public Memory of the 1992-1995 Siege of Sarajevo, “Sudosteuropa” 2019, vol. 67, no. 1, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2019-0001.
Banjeglav T., Filling voids with memories: Commemorative rituals and memorial landscape in post-war Vukovar, [in:] Framing the Nation and Collective Identities: Political Rituals and Cultural Memory of the Twentieth Century Traumas in Croatia, eds. D. Pauković, V. Pavlaković, London 2019, p. 194-208,https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315145730-10.
Brentin D., Ready for the Homeland? Ritual, remembrance, and political extremism in Croatian football, “Nationalities Papers” 2016, vol. 44, no. 6, p. 860-876, https://doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2015.1136996.
Conflict and Memory: Bridging Past and Future in [South East] Europe, eds. W. Petritsch, V. Džihić, Baden Baden 2010, https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845225555.
Connerton P., How Societies Remember, Cambridge 1989.
Cvetković S., Između srpa i čekića: Represija u Srbiji 1944-1953, Beograd 2006.
Document of Dialogue, Vijeće za Suočavanje s Posljedicama Cladavine Nedemokratskih Režima, Dokument Dijaloga: temeljna polazišta i preporuke o posebnom normativnom uređenju simbola, znakovlja i drugih obilježja totalitarnih režima i pokreta, “Croatian government website”, https://vlada.gov.hr/UserDocsImages/Vijesti/2018/02%20velja%C4%8Da/28%20velja%C4%8De/Dokument%20dijaloga.pdf [21.09.2020].
Đureinović J., The Politics of Memory of the Second World War in Contemporary Serbia, London 2019.
Ermolin D., When Skanderbeg Meets Clinton: Cultural Landscape and Commemorative Strategies in Postwar Kosovo, “Politička misao” 2014, vol. 51, no. 5, p. 157-173.
Framing the Nation and Collective Identity: Political Rituals and Cultural Memory of the Twentieth-Century Traumas in Croatia, eds. V. Pavlakovic, D. Pauković, London 2019, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315145730.
Fridman O., Memories of the 1999 NATO Bombing in Belgrade, Serbia, “Südosteuropa” 2016, vol. 64, no. 4, p. 438-459, https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2016-0041.
Goldstein I., Jasenovac, Zagreb 2018.
Goldstein S., Goldstein I., Tito, Zagreb 2018.
Goldstein S., Jasenovac: tragika, mitomanija, istina, Zagreb 2016.
Gordy E., Guilt, Responsibility, and Denial: The Past at Stake in Post-Milošević Serbia, Philadelphia 2013, https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812208603.
Halbwachs M., On Collective Memory, trans. by Lewis A. Coser, Chicago 1992.
Horvatinčić S., Monument, Territory, and the Mediation of War Memory in Socialist Yugoslavia, “Život umjetnosti” 2015, vol. 96, p. 34-69.
Jambrešić Kirin R., Politics of Memory in Croatian Socialist Culture, “Narodna umjetnost” 2004, vol. 41, no. 1, p. 125-143.
Jasenovac: manipulacije, kontroverze i povijesni revizionizam, eds. A. Benčić, S. Odak, D. Lucić, Jasenovac 2018.
Jasenovački logori: istraživanja, eds. S. Razum, I. Vukić, Zagreb 2015.
Jauković M., To Share or to Keep: The Afterlife of Yugoslavia’s Heritage and the Contemporary Heritage Management Practices, “Politička misao” 2014, vol. 51, no. 5, p. 80-104.
Karačić D., Banjeglav T., Govedarica N., Re:vizija prošlosti: Politike sjećanja u Bosni i Hercegovini, Hrvatskoj i Srbiji od 1990. godine, Sarajevo 2012, https://doi.org/10.11567/met.29.3.5.
Kertzer D. I., Ritual, Politics, and Power, New Haven 1988.
Kirn G., A Few Critical Notes on the Destiny of the Yugoslav Modernist Partisan Memorial Sites in the Contemporary, Post-Yugoslav (Croatian) Context, [in:] Vojin Bakić: Lightening Forms – A Retrospective, ed. N. Ivančević, Zagreb 2013.
Klinger W., Kuljiš, D., Tito: Neispričane price, Zagreb 2013.
Koren S., Politika povijesti u Jugoslaviji, 1945-1960: Komunistička partija Jugoslavije, nastava povijesti, historiografija, Zagreb 2012.
Kuljić T., Kultura sećanja, Belgrade 2006.
Kuljić T., Sećanja na Titoizma: između diktata i otpora, Belgrade 2011.
Kultura sjećanja 1941: Povijesni lomovi i svladavanje prošlosti, eds. T. Cipek, O. Milosavljević, S. Bosto, Zagreb 2008.
Kultura sjećanja 1991: Povijesni lomovi i svladavanje prošlosti, ed. T. Cipek, Zagreb 2011.
Ljubojević A., Remembering The Hague: the impact of international criminal justice on memory practices in Croatia, [in:] Framing the Nation and Collective Identities: Political Rituals and Cultural Memory of the Twentieth Century Traumas in Croatia, eds. D. Pauković, V. Pavlaković, London 2019, p.179-193, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315145730-9.
Manojlović Pintar O., Arheologija sećanja: spomenici i identiteti u Srbiji 1918-1989, Belgrade 2014.
Mataušić N., Jasenovac 1941-1945, Zagreb 2003.
Mayo J. M., War Memorials as Political Memory, “Geographical Review” 1988, vol. 78, no. 1, p. 62-75, https://doi.org/10.2307/214306.
Mihajlović Trbovc J., Pavasović Trošt T., Who were the anti-Fascists? Divergent interpretation of WWII in contemporary post-Yugoslav history textbooks, [in:] The use and abuse of memory: interpreting world war in contemporary European politics, eds. Ch. Karner, B. Mertens, Abingdon – New York 2017, p. 173-192, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351296564-9.
Milekic S., Threatened Croatian Theatre Director Slams Police Inaction, “Balkan Insight”, 10.03.2016, https://balkaninsight.com/2016/03/10/threatened-croatian-theatre-director-loses-trust-in-police-03-09-2016/ [21.09.2020].
Nettelfield L. J., Wagner S. E., Srebrenica in the Aftermath of Genocide, Cambridge 2014.
Nora P., Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Memoire, “Representations” 1989, vol. 26, p. 7-24, https://doi.org/10.2307/2928520.
O Titu kao mitu: Proslava dana mladosti u Kumrovcu, eds. N. Škrbić Alempijević, K. Mathiesen Hjemdahl, Zagreb 2006.
Of Red Dragons and Evil Spirits: Post-Communist Historiography Between Democratization and New Politics of History, ed. O. Luthar, Budapest 2017, https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2018-0008.
Partisans in Yugoslavia: Literature, Film and Visual Culture, eds. M. Jakiša, N. Gilić, Bielefeld 2015, https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839425220.
Pavlaković V., Better the Grave Than a Slave: Croatia’s Relations with the ICTY, 1995-2005, [in:] Croatia since Independence: Politics, Society, Foreign Policy, eds. S. P. Ramet, K. Clewing, R. Lukić, Munich 2008, p. 287-302.
Pavlaković V., Brentin D., Pauković D., The Controversial Commemoration: Transnational Approaches to Remembering Bleiburg, “Politička misao” 2018, vol. 55, no. 2, p. 7-32, https://doi.org/10.20901/pm.55.2.01.
Pavlaković V., Croatia, the ICTY, and General Gotovina as a Political Symbol, “Europe-Asia Studies” 2010, vol. 62, no. 10, p. 1707-1740, https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2010.522426.
Pavlaković V., Remembering War the European Way: Croatia’s Commemorative Culture on the Eve of EU Membership, [in:] Croatia and the European Union: Changes and Development, eds. P. Maldini, D. Pauković, Farnham 2015, p. 117-137.
Pavlaković V., Symbols and the culture of memory in the Republika Srpska Krajina, “Nationalities Papers” 2013, vol. 6, p. 893-909, https://doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2012.743511.
Petrović V., The Emergence of Historical Forensic Expertise: Clio takes the Stand, London 2017, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315536828.
Radonić L., The Holocaust Template – Memorial Museums in Hungary, Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, “Anali Hrvatskog politološkog društva: časopis za politologiju” 2018, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 131-154, https://doi.org/10.20901/an.15.06.
Risteski L., Monuments and Urban Nationalism: The Skopje 2014 Project, “Antropologija” 2016, vol. 16, no. 3, p. 49-70.
Rulitz F. T., The Tragedy of Bleiburg and Viktring, 1945, DeKalb 2016.
Schellenberg R., Commemorating Conflict: Models of Remembrance in Postwar Croatia, Oxford 2016.
Schwartz B., The Social Context of Commemoration: A Study in Collective Memory, “Social Forces” 1982, vol. 61, no. 2, p. 374-402, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/61.2.374.
Šimić P., Tito: Fenomen stoljeća, Zagreb 2009.
Sokol A., War Monuments: Instruments of Nation-building in Bosnia and Herzegovina, “Politička misao” 2014, vol. 51, no. 5, p. 105-126.
Sokolić I., International Courts and Mass Atrocity: Narratives of War and Justice in Croatia, London 2018.
Sounds of Attraction: Yugoslav and Post-Yugoslav Popular Music, eds. M. Kozorog, R. Muršič, Ljubljana 2017, https://doi.org/10.4312/9789612379643.
Strategies of Symbolic Nation-building in South Eastern Europe, ed. P. Kolstø, London 2014.
Subotić J., Hijacked Justice: Dealing with the Past in the Balkans, Ithaca 2009.
Subotic J., Yellow Star, Red Star: Holocaust Remembrance after Communism, Ithaca 2019, https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501742408.003.0002.
The Invention of Tradition, eds. E. Hobsbawm, T. Ranger, Cambridge 1992.
Twenty Years after Communism: The Politics of Memory and Commemoration, eds. M. Bernhard, J. Kubik, Oxford 2014.
Velikonja M., Post-Socialist Political Graffiti in the Balkans and Central Europe, London 2020, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429322075.
Velikonja M., Titostalgija, Belgrade 2010.
Vladisavljevic A., Austrian MPs Vote for Ban on Croats’ Bleiburg WWII Gathering, “Balkan Insight”, 06.06.2020, https://balkaninsight.com/2020/07/09/austrian-mps-vote-for-ban-on-croats-bleiburg-wwii-gathering/ [21.09.2020].
Vladisavljevic A., Stojanovic M., Croatia Hails 25th Anniversary of Operation Storm Victory; Serbs Mourn, “Balkan Insight”, 05.08.2020, https://balkaninsight.com/2020/08/05/croatia-hails-25th-anniversary-of-operation-storm-victory-serbs-mourn/ [21.09.2020].
Winter J., Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History, Cambridge 1995, https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107050631.

Słowa kluczowe: , , , ,