The conflict over the autocephaly of Ukrainian Orthodoxy as an element of the hybrid war

Konflikt wokół autokefalii ukraińskiego prawosławia jako element wojny hybrydowej

ORCID: Tomasz Szyszlak: 0000-0002-0281-3377

Afiliacja: University of Wrocław, Poland

ORCID: Tomasz Szyszlak: 0000-0002-0281-3377

Strony: 49-71

Wydanie: Lublin 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36874/RIESW.2020.3.3

Sposób cytowania: T. Szyszlak, The conflict over the autocephaly of Ukrainian Orthodoxy as an element of the hybrid war, „Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej” 18(2020), z. 3, s. 49-71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.36874/RIESW.2020.3.3.

Słowa kluczowe: , , , , ,

Abstrakt: The issue of the autocephaly of Ukrainian Orthodoxy has once again demonstrated that the concept of atheism and the fight against religion propagated by the communists did not bring the expected results. On the contrary, religion has become a factor that connects societies in the republics of the former USSR with the former metropolis, especially for Slavic and Orthodox populations. It should not come as a surprise, therefore, that the problem of the autocephaly of Ukrainian Orthodoxy has been exploited in the current Russian-Ukrainian dispute, described as a post-imperial hybrid war. The aim of this article is to show how both sides of the conflict are using the issue of the autocephaly of Ukrainian Orthodoxy.

Bibliografia:

‘“Rosiys’ka pravoslavna tserkva v Ukrayini”: Rada zobov’yazala UPTS MP pereymenuvatys’’, BBC, 20 December 2018, https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/news-46632682.

‘Tomos, “DNR” i tysk spetssluzhb: yak Kyrylo pov’yazav tse v lysti do OON’, BBC, 14 December 2018, https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/news-46563440.

Borovs’ka, M., Volos’ka, I., Martynyuk, O., ‘Khto, de i skil’ky hromad pereyshly z UPTS MP do PTSU: analizuyemo kartu’, RISU, 13 March 2020, https://risu.org.ua/ua/index/expert_thought/analytic/79258/.

Chervonenko, V., ‘Chomu Pompeo zustrichayet’sya z Epifaniyem chastishe nizh iz Zelens’kym’, BBC, 31 January .2020, https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-51324791.

Chervonenko, V., Khomenko, S., ‘Filaret proty Epifaniya: chy ye rozkol v PTSU i shcho bude z tomosom’, BBC, 11 May 2019, https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-48233018.

Gerasimov, V., ‘Tsennost’ nauki v predvidenii’, Voyenno-promyshlennyy kur’yer, 27 February 2013.

Hoffman, F.G., Conflict in the 21st century: Rise of the Hybrid Wars, Arlington, 2007.

‘V Kremle obeshchayut zashchishchat’ interesy pravoslavnykh na Ukraine politiko-diplomaticheskimi metodami’, Interfax, 12 October 2018, http://www.interfax-religion.ru/?act=news&div=70959.

‘V Moskovskom patriarkhate opasayutsya krovoprolitiya v sluchaye legitimizatsii ukrainskogo raskola’, Interfaks, 28 June 2018, http://www.interfax-religion.ru/?act=news&div=70115.

Khomenko, S., Chervonenko, V., ‘Mytropolyt Epifaniy: “My ne mayemo prava rozpalyuvaty v Ukrayini relihiynyy front”’, BBC, 1 March 2019, https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-47408699.

‘Stavlennya do okremykh tserkov Ukrayiny i ochikuvannya vid diyal’nosti Pravoslavnoyi tserkvy Ukrayiny: lyutyy 2020 roku’, KMIS, 3 March 2020, http://kiis.com.ua/?lang=ukr&cat=reports&id=921&page=1.

Kobeszko, Ł., ‘Patriarchat Ekumeniczny rehabilituje Patriarchat Kijowski i Cerkiew autokefaliczną’, ekumenizm.pl, 12 October 2018, https://www.ekumenizm.pl/koscioly/wschodnie/ patriarchat-ekumeniczny-rehabilituje-patriarchat-kijowski/.

Kralyuk, P., ‘“Trychi nekanonichna” UPTS (MP). Tomos dlya Ukrayiny kardynal’no zminyv sytuatsiyu’, Radio Svoboda, 6 January 2019, https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/29693215. html.

Kravchenko, C., ‘Ob’yednavchyy sobor: rozkryto intryhu obrannya Epifaniya mytropolytom’, Narodna Pravda, 16 December 2018, https://narodna-pravda.ua/2018/12/16/ob-yednavchij-sobor-rozkrito-intrigu-obrannya-epifaniya-mitropolitom/.

‘Oprylyudnyly spysok arkhiyereyiv Moskovs’koho patriarkhatu, yaki maly buty na Ob’yednavchomu sobori’, Misto, 25 February 2019, https://www.gazeta-misto.te.ua/oprylyudnyly-spysok-arhiyereyiv-moskovskogo-patriarhatu-yaki-maly-buty-na-ob-yednavchomu-sobori/.

Nemeth, W.J., Future war and Chechnya: A case for hybrid warfare, Monterey, 2002.

‘“Khvoroba zminyla yoho nevpiznanno”: Filaret dav telekanalu “Rossyya 24” rozhromne interv’yu pro tomos’, Novynarnya, 7 July 2019, https://novynarnia.com/2019/07/07/filaret-russia24/.

‘“Ves’ svit vyznaye”: Filaret vykryv UPTS MP u brekhni’, Oborezvatel, 2 August 2018, https://www.obozrevatel.com/ukr/society/ves-svit-viznae-filaret-vikriv-upts-mp-u-brehni.htm.

Oikoumenikón Patriarcheíon, O Oikoumenikós Thrónos kai i Ekklisía tis Oukranías – Omiloún ta keímena, ec-patr.org, 25 September 2018, https://www.ec-patr.org/deltiotypou/ukraine/final oukraniko-1.pdf.

Pacek, B., Wojna hybrydowa na Ukrainie, Warszawa, 2018.

Pawluczuk, W., Ukraina. Mistyka i polityka, Kraków, 1998.

Prezident Rossii, Soveshchaniye s postoyannymi chlenami Soveta Bezopasnosti, kremlin.ru, 12 October 2018, http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/58813.

‘Shche odyn element hibrydnoyi ahresiyi: Poroshenko pro rishennya Radbezu RF shchodo zakhystu rosiys’koyi tserkvy v Ukrayini’, Pryamyy, 16 October 2018, https://prm.ua/shhe-odin-element-gibridnoyi-agresiyi-poroshenko-pro-rishennya-radbezu-rf-shhodo-zahistu-rosiyskoyi-tserkvi-v-ukrayini/.

‘45% opytanykh ukrayintsiv vidnosyat’ sebe do UPTS KP, 17% — do UPTS (MP)’, Relihiya v Ukrayini, 17 September 2018, https://www.religion.in.ua/ news/vazhlivo/41031-45-opitanx-ukrayinciv-vidnosyat-sebe-do-upc-kp-17-do-upc-mp.html.

‘Namisnyk Pechers’koyi lavry mav koordynuvaty provokatsiyi pid chas ob’yednavchoho Soboru – SBU’, RISU, 13 December 2018, https://risu.org.ua/ua/index/ all_news/community/extraordinary_situations/73884/.

Ofis Prezidenta rizko vidreahuvav na slova Putina pro PTSU, 22 February 2020, https://risu.org.ua/ua/index/all_news/orthodox/ocu/78994/.

Relihiyni orhanizatsiyi v Ukrayini (stanom na 1 sichnya 2014 r.), 4 April 2014, https://risu.org.ua/ua/index/resourses/statistics/ukr2014/55893/.

Relihiyni orhanizatsiyi v Ukrayini (stanom na 1 sichnya 2019 r.), 17 April 2019, https://risu.org.ua/ua/index/resourses/statistics/ukr_2019/75410/.

Teper vsi bachat’, chomu til’ky dva yerarkhy UPTS MP pryyikhaly na ob’yednavchyy sobor – ekspert pro zvernennya Filareta, 15 May 2019, https://risu.org.ua/ua/index/all_news/confessional/ orthodox_relations/75802/.

U mistakh Ukrayiny molylysya za peremohu Ukrayiny u viyni z Rosiyeyu, 7 March 2020, https://risu.org.ua/ua/index/articlesbytag?tag=16335&articles_p=20.

V uryadi pidrakhuvaly kil’kist’ parafiy, yaki khochut’ zalyshatys’ z pochesnym patriarkhom Filaretom, 5 December 2019, https://risu.org.ua/ ua/index/all_news/orthodox/uoc_kp/78057/.

Rossiya 24, Nichego svyatogo. Spetsial’nyy reportazh Anny Afanas’yevoy – Rossiya 24, 6 July 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmEncVFe9vE.

Surepin, S., ‘“Armiya, mova, vira”: Poroshenko nazvav formulu suchasnoyi ukrayins’koyi identychnosti’, Zaborona, 20 September 2018, https://zaborona.com/armiia-mova-vira-poroshenko-nazvav-formulu-suchasnoi-ukrainskoi-identychnosti/.

Szyszlak, T., Lwowskie sacrum, kijowskie profanum. Grekokatolicyzm w ukraińskiej przestrzeni publicznej od pierestrojki do pomarańczowej rewolucji, Warszawa, 2012.

Szyszlak, T., ‘Próba teoretycznego ujęcia postradzieckich konfliktów religijnych’, in: Religia i polityka na obszarze Europy Wschodniej, Kaukazu i Azji Centralnej, ed. T. Stępniewski, Lublin–Warszawa, 2013.

‘Putin narikaye, shcho Ukrayina “rozrizala po zhyvomu” yednist’ RPTS’, TSN, 21 February 2020, https://tsn.ua/svit/putin-narikaye-scho-ukrayina-rozrizala-po-zhivomu-yednist-rpc-1495380.html.

Tysyachnyy, V., ‘Yakby ne UPTS MP, v Ukrayini ne bulo b viyny — Filaret’, Obozrevatel,10 October 2018, https://www.obozrevatel.com/ukr/society/tomos-obovyazkovo-bude-filaret.htm.

‘KS vidmovyv u otsintsi zakonu pro perekhid relihiynykh hromad u PTSU’, Ukrayins’ka pravda, 20 March 2019, https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2019/03/20/7209743/.

‘Rishennya Synodu: Ukrayins’ka tserkva otrymaye tomos. Povnyy tekst’, Ukrayins’ka Pravda, 11 October 2018, https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2018/10/11/7194911/.

‘Vselens’kyy Patriarkh: Moskva pryyednala ukrayins’ku tserkvu nekanonichno’, Ukrinform, 2 July 2018, https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-society/2490633-vselenskij-patriarh-konstantinopol-nikoli-ne-vidavav-dozvolu-peredavati-teritorii-ukraini-budkomu.html.

‘Konstantynopol’ dav “zelene svitlo” stvorennyu ukrayins’koyi pomisnoyi tserkvy, Kyyivs’kyy patriarkhat i UAPTS vzhe pidpysaly zvernennya’, UNIAN, 17 April 2018, https://www.unian.ua/politics/ 10084154-konstantinopol-dav-zelene-svitlo-stvorennyu-ukrajinskoji-pomisnoji-cerkvi-kijivskiy-patriarhat-i-uapc-vzhe-pidpisali-zvernennya.html.

‘Rada prosyt’ Vselens’koho patriarkha Varfolomiya nadaty avtokefaliyu pravoslavniy tserkvi v Ukrayini’, UNIAN, 16 June 2016, https://www.unian.ua/politics/1377545-rada-prosit-vselenskogo-patriarha-varfolomiya-nadati-avtokefaliyu-pravoslavniy-tserkvi-v-ukrajini.html.

Vetrova, A., ‘Nikolay Danilevich: Khristos nas ob’yedinyayet, a politika raz’yedinyayet’, Argumenty i Fakty v Ukraine, 21 October 2015.

Wasiuta, O., Wasiuta, S., ‘Militarne i niemilitarne metody prowadzenia wojny hybrydowej Rosji przeciwko Ukrainie’, Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series International Relations, no. 39, 2016, https://doi.org/10.30970/vir.2016.39.0.6343.

Zakon Ukrayiny no. 2598-VIII “Pro osoblyvosti korystuvannya Andriyivs’koyu tserkvoyu Natsional’noho zapovidnyka ‘Sofiya Kyyivs’ka’”, ‘Vidomosti Verkhovnoyi Rady’, 2018, no. 46.

Zakon Ukrayiny no. 2662-VIII “Pro vnesennya zminy do statti 12 Zakonu Ukrayiny ‘Pro svobodu sovisti ta relihiyni orhanizatsiyi’ shchodo nazvy relihiynykh orhanizatsiy (ob’yednan’), yaki vkhodyat’ do struktury (ye chastynoyu) relihiynoyi orhanizatsiyi (ob’yednannya), kerivnyy tsentr (upravlinnya) yakoyi znakhodyt’sya za mezhamy Ukrayiny v derzhavi, yaka zakonom vyznana takoyu, shcho zdiysnyla viys’kovu ahresiyu proty Ukrayiny ta/abo tymchasovo okupuvala chastynu terytoriyi Ukrayiny”, ‘Vidomosti Verkhovnoyi Rady’, 2019, no. 3.

Zakon Ukrayiny no. 2673-VIII “Pro vnesennya zmin do deyakykh zakoniv Ukrayiny shchodo pidlehlosti relihiynykh orhanizatsiy ta protsedury derzhavnoyi reyestratsiyi relihiynykh orhanizatsiy zi statusom yurydychnoyi osoby”, ‘Vidomosti Verkhovnoyi Rady’, 2019, no. 6.

Słowa kluczowe: , , , , ,